What is the function of the ailerons on an aircraft?

The function of the ailerons on an aircraft is to control roll about the longitudinal axis. Ailerons are located on the outer section of each wing and work by changing the lift on each wing; when one aileron is deflected upward, it decreases lift on that wing, while the opposite aileron deflected downward increases lift on the other wing. This differential lift causes the aircraft to roll in the direction of the aileron that is raised.

This roll control is essential for maneuvering the aircraft during turns and helping maintain level flight. The ability to roll is crucial for directional control and stability, allowing pilots to bank the aircraft effectively when changing course.

The other options relate to different control surfaces. For example, pitch is controlled by the elevators, which are located on the tail of the aircraft. Speed adjustments are linked to throttle and power management, while yaw is controlled by the rudder. Therefore, identifying the specific role of ailerons in controlling roll helps distinguish their function from other flight control surfaces.