What does "magnetic variation" describe?

Magnetic variation, also known as magnetic declination, describes the difference between true north (geographic north) and magnetic north (the direction that a magnetic compass points). This variation occurs because the Earth's magnetic field does not align perfectly with its rotational axis. As a result, the angle between true north and magnetic north varies depending on your location on the Earth's surface.

Understanding magnetic variation is crucial for pilots and navigators because it affects how they interpret compass readings. Accurate navigation requires pilots to make corrections based on this variation to maintain the intended course. In areas with significant magnetic variation, failing to account for it could lead to navigational errors.

The other concepts mentioned do not pertain to magnetic variation. The angle at which an aircraft can turn relates to flight maneuvers, altitude differences pertain to vertical navigation, and wind direction variations are independent of magnetic orientation. Therefore, recognizing the importance of magnetic variation is fundamental in navigation.